Clotrimazole scaffold as an innovative pharmacophore towards potent antimalarial agents: design, synthesis, and biological and structure-activity relationship studies.

نویسندگان

  • Sandra Gemma
  • Giuseppe Campiani
  • Stefania Butini
  • Gagan Kukreja
  • Salvatore Sanna Coccone
  • Bhupendra P Joshi
  • Marco Persico
  • Vito Nacci
  • Isabella Fiorini
  • Ettore Novellino
  • Ernesto Fattorusso
  • Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
  • Luisa Savini
  • Donatella Taramelli
  • Nicoletta Basilico
  • Silvia Parapini
  • Giulia Morace
  • Vanessa Yardley
  • Simon Croft
  • Massimiliano Coletta
  • Stefano Marini
  • Caterina Fattorusso
چکیده

We describe herein the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of an innovative class of antimalarial agents based on a polyaromatic pharmacophore structurally related to clotrimazole and easy to synthesize by low-cost synthetic procedures. SAR studies delineated a number of structural features able to modulate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. A selected set of antimalarials was further biologically investigated and displayed low in vitro toxicity on a panel of human and murine cell lines. In vitro, the novel compounds proved to be selective for free heme, as demonstrated in the beta-hematin inhibitory activity assay, and did not show inhibitory activity against 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylase (a fungal P450 cytochrome). Compounds 2, 4e, and 4n exhibited in vivo activity against P. chabaudi after oral administration and thus represent promising antimalarial agents for further preclinical development.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Journal of medicinal chemistry

دوره 51 5  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2008